Improving the team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Improving the team - Essay Example Openness was a positive ambiance in the team but the same freedom was taken for granted and the members forgot to empathize with John and Shaun. All the responsibility was overburdened to John and Shaun and it made them weak emotionally and physically. Shaun was yelling and John was cursing himself for what was happening to him which is a perfect reflection of the ineffective team. Shaun could not handle the situation in an emotionally balanced manner and his approach was not constructive. Mutual help was missing among them and frequent discussions on the difficulties they face did not happen. On the whole the team spirit was missing which let the team down. 1) Every team member must be aware of the What is in it factor. Each of them must know their goals and what is the personal benefit they get out of the project. Once this awareness exists, eventually this motivates the team and the team members will show a sense of belongingness and accountability. 2) Instead of forcing responsibilities to members, self delegation is a better approach which makes them accountable. Conduct meetings and ask team members to volunteer to take responsibilities. Ensure that a leader is declared in the same meeting. 3) Organize team meetings frequently and get to discuss problems that the members of the team face. Invite solutions and suggestions from every team member. Appreciate the team members for their smallest

Hawthorne studies Essay Example for Free

Hawthorne studies Essay A student of science conducts a research study in order to test a hypothesis or a theory. He/she is guided by a problem and or questions that he/she hopes to answer in order to refute or confirm existing theoretical constructs. A research study is an application of the scientific method and a researcher delves into that with a set of predetermined hypotheses. There are many ways of conducting researches but experiments are the most applicable if the study seeks to establish cause and effect. The Hawthorne studies started out with the purpose to prove that lighting in the workroom had an effect on worker productivity (Ballantyne, 2000). Although the motivation for conducting the research was utilitarian it however forever changed the concept of management and gave birth to the â€Å"Hawthorne Effect†. The insights I gained from digesting the Hawthorne studies were that a research study does not necessarily confirm our research assumptions (Fawcett Downs, 1999). Conducting a research is actually like wading into a pool full of disparate objects and sometimes what we find is not what we are looking for. It is important to maintain objectivity and we must not force or lead our discussions and findings towards supporting our hypothesis if we truly want to be scientific and maintain academic integrity. Another thing I learned was that even if we are guided by a research problem that we wish to answer, it is how we measure and manipulate the variables that we want to explore dictates the results that the study yields. In the Hawthorne studies on lighting and work productivity, although the variable degree of illumination was manipulated to test whether work output increased, the relationship was not established because the researchers was not able to identify beforehand that the presence of the researchers was an extraneous variable (Levine Parkinson, 1994) hence the concept of the â€Å"Hawthorne effect† which referred to the phenomenon where the presence of the researcher corrupts the results of the experiment. Lastly, the Hawthorne studies demonstrated that even the most rigorous experiments or study has limitations and anyone who wishes to conduct experiments must recognize in the outset what the limitations of his/her study are.

Lennie And George :: essays research papers

Lennie and George: In what ways are they 'mates'? Is this a true friendship, as you understand friendship? George and Lennie are in every instance 'mates'. I suppose that some opposition comes from the book where George often says that Lennie is a nuisance, and he got stuck with him because of an auntie of Lennie's. In the novel you get an idea that this is an act, and he cares for Lennie because Lennie says, "'Cause you got me, George and I got you" and George agrees. George is a reasonably intelligent, hardworking ranchman. Lennie on the other hand always manages to find trouble. He is equally as hardworking and honest as George but his simple childlike mind always finds him trouble wherever he goes. However they have one thing that unites the two of them as close as any bond can. This is that they both share the same dream of owning their own ranch - and after many hard working years, moving from ranch to ranch, living in complete poverty and working for next to nothing they finally try to achieve this life long dream. To maintain a companion you must have things in common, you must be able to disagree with a sort of respectful understanding, and finally you must care legitimately about that person. Lennie and George's friendship meet and implement all the needed requirements for being friends. They are a textbook example of loyal friends. They, together, are like two old people living their life in companionship. Lennie gives George someone to talk to and someone to keep him on track. George gives Lennie insight on the world and someone that will respect him even though he isn't intelligent. They, more importantly, give each other something to live for. If Lennie didn't meet George he would of died soon after his aunt did, because he would either have got himself in a bind with no one to help him or he would of simply wondered off and died of loneliness. Although, no matter how much he tries, George cannot make up for the huge gap in Lennies mind. Lennie is so childish it is hard to believe, for example when he sees things he wants to grab and touch them. Throughout the book, the stress of Lennie's retardation begins to weigh down on George. Because of Lennie, they are nomads. Wherever they go, Lennie gets them in trouble.

Nuclear Weapons and their effects :: essays research papers

A nuclear explosion is caused by the release of energy in an atom, either through fission or fusion. Fission weapons cause an explosion by the splitting of atomic nuclei. This happens when a neutron collides with the nucleus of an atom. The protons in the nucleus are transformed into a great amount of energy and two or three more neutrons are sent out, which go on to split other nuclei. If this continues, a chain reaction will occur. The result is a gigantic explosion. To form a chain reaction, a certain amount of material is needed. This amount is known as the critical mass. If the amount is too small it is called a subcritical mass. The critical mass of a material depends on its purity. The materials used in making fission weapons are uranium and plutonium. They are the only elements able to be used in making a fission weapon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The destructive power in fusion weapons comes from the combining of very light atoms, such as hydrogen. The atoms of the element are fused, and they release a great amount of energy. The element must first be heated to a temperature of 50 million degrees Celsius. The only way to do this, without using more energy than is produced, is to use a fission explosion. So, a ball of hydrogen is surrounded by either uranium or plutonium and then by a non-nuclear explosive. The explosive is set off, and it causes the uranium or plutonium to react through fission, which in turn causes the hydrogen to fuse. Once again, the result is a colossal explosion meant for mass destruction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The three main effects that would follow a nuclear explosion are blast, thermal radiation or heat, and radiation. The very first thing to happen is the formation of a fireball. The fireball gives off the thermal radiation that cremates anything within a quarter mile and ignites any and all flammable materials within ten miles. The thermal radiation can cause eye injuries as well as skin burns called flash burns. Between 20 and 30 percent of the deaths at Hiroshima and Nagasaki were caused by flash burns. When the fireball begins to dissipate it forms a blast wave that travels away from the explosion at speeds up to 400 miles per hour. This destroys most building within 6 miles. It also kills most people within 3 miles and severely injures or kills most people up to 6 miles away. Nuclear Weapons and their effects :: essays research papers A nuclear explosion is caused by the release of energy in an atom, either through fission or fusion. Fission weapons cause an explosion by the splitting of atomic nuclei. This happens when a neutron collides with the nucleus of an atom. The protons in the nucleus are transformed into a great amount of energy and two or three more neutrons are sent out, which go on to split other nuclei. If this continues, a chain reaction will occur. The result is a gigantic explosion. To form a chain reaction, a certain amount of material is needed. This amount is known as the critical mass. If the amount is too small it is called a subcritical mass. The critical mass of a material depends on its purity. The materials used in making fission weapons are uranium and plutonium. They are the only elements able to be used in making a fission weapon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The destructive power in fusion weapons comes from the combining of very light atoms, such as hydrogen. The atoms of the element are fused, and they release a great amount of energy. The element must first be heated to a temperature of 50 million degrees Celsius. The only way to do this, without using more energy than is produced, is to use a fission explosion. So, a ball of hydrogen is surrounded by either uranium or plutonium and then by a non-nuclear explosive. The explosive is set off, and it causes the uranium or plutonium to react through fission, which in turn causes the hydrogen to fuse. Once again, the result is a colossal explosion meant for mass destruction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The three main effects that would follow a nuclear explosion are blast, thermal radiation or heat, and radiation. The very first thing to happen is the formation of a fireball. The fireball gives off the thermal radiation that cremates anything within a quarter mile and ignites any and all flammable materials within ten miles. The thermal radiation can cause eye injuries as well as skin burns called flash burns. Between 20 and 30 percent of the deaths at Hiroshima and Nagasaki were caused by flash burns. When the fireball begins to dissipate it forms a blast wave that travels away from the explosion at speeds up to 400 miles per hour. This destroys most building within 6 miles. It also kills most people within 3 miles and severely injures or kills most people up to 6 miles away.

Early Greek and Roman Civilizations

Early Greek and Roman Civilizations Charles Inabnitt American InterContinental University Abstract The early Greek and Roman empires or civilizations shared a lot of similarities in geography for they both are Mediterranean countries. They had similar religions also. These are some of the cultural aspects that are compared and contrasted. Early Greek and Roman Civilizations The following are examples of cultural elements of comparison and contrast: geography, government, economy, art, philosophy, religion. Furthermore, the graph below will go into more detail in all of the subjects discussed above. Greece| Roman| Geography| Some of the Greek poleis or city states as they were called where naturally separated by the sea from the mainland. Now the mainland was very mountainous. | Geographically, Rome was built on seven hills on the east bank of the Tiber River. The lower lying areas were prone to flooding. | Government| Greek governments were divided in groups by the great Aristotle, a nd are still used today by historians, into monarchies, oligarchies, tyrannies, and democracies. | Rome was ruled by kings at the beginning of their time. Then it became a republic with emperors of royal blood and a senate and an assembly. | Economy| The Greeks since their poleis where unreachable by land they were reached by sea. Thus in the early part of the history of Greece the main source of economy was through fishing and trading. Later led onto agriculture and the growing of wheat. | Romans where known for their trading and were also known for taking slaves from all of the wars that they had from the expansion of their empire. Therefore, the people of Rome had grown a custom to slave labor. Art| The Greeks where known for the art form of perfecting the human body. They were known for sculptures and other famous art works known as ideal artistic form of art. | The Roman people were engineers. Concrete was one of the greatest inventions by the romans. They were able to make great expanded forms of architecture. | Philosophy| Philosophy or ‘love of wisdom’ was the enriched need of knowledge without the use of history. Some of the greatest thinkers came from ancient Greece mainly from Athens. | Roman philosophy was borrowed from the Greeks philosophy and the concepts of ethical and political. Religion| The religion of the Greeks where that of gods for every aspect of life. For example, there were gods for things like the sea ruled by Poeidon and the underworld ruling over the dead ruled by Hades. Then the all mighty Zeus ruler of all gods and of mankind. | Roman also believed in gods for every aspect of life. Therefore they borrowed the Greeks gods and just renamed them. | So in conclusion, as we can see that the Greeks and the Romans had many similarities. Reasons of this may stem from the fact that the Romans develop from the Greek colonies and also the Etruscan settlements. This may be the reason why the philosophy and the religion of the Greek and Romans are very similar. As you can also see though both civilizations had their differences in how their civilizations were maintained and ran in everyday life and morals. References Miller, Lee, Patrick. , Reeve, C. D. C. (2006). Introductory Readings in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc Sayre, Henry. (2010). Discovering the Humanities. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Hall

Modern Working Life

Modern Working Life People as well as organizations are motivated to move from one status to another. This urge for advancement is the internal constrain that catalyzes human behaviours and growth. Trigger on human behaviours depends on the workplace inspirations. There is various motivation theories concern with interpreting how human beings behave at the workplace. Arguably there is need to understand the constraints affecting modern work-life and stress at the workplace.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Working Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The motivational theories may not be universally acceptable but they are important in studies concerning individual and organizational behaviour in modern workplaces. This paper addresses the effects of modernization at the workplace and its outcomes on individuals and organizations. How can the motivation be important on implementation of organization’s goals and addressing i ndividuals’ needs especially in the twenty first century? Introduction Today’s business world requires employees who are ready to share knowledge. This has emerged as an urgent business need and a measure of maintaining high-level role of intelligence. The biggest challenge to the individual is the need brings about the individual obligation to be equipped with the latest technological sophistication. Most work environments today are technologically oriented. There is however very little indication that majority of the companies or organizations are working to meet employee’s needs to motive them to achieve the organizations’ goals through assessing their behaviours. The firms expect employees to workout any newly implemented systems at their own peril and struggle. Most managers are result oriented who lack consideration for their achievement. This leaves the employees with the task of figuring out how the new technology should workout. Effects of Motiva tion Theories at the work place The personal view of the workplace determines individuals’ behaviours during the process of undertaking a task. According to McGregor, the human elevation of entrepreneurship indicates that, some people have an inherent dislike of specific jobs or tasks and they literally try to avoid various chores, which seem stressful to them. As a result, this is a major impact on the organization’s social, cultural and economical growth. Another major impact of this notion is the effect of the individuals’ need to overcome or control the situation at hand. An average human being would prefer guidance to making individual decisions rather that being responsible over bad decisions at the work place. Responsibility comes with the need to be ambitious other than rely on job security. This is not only an effect on the individual who lacks career and economical growth but also the organization. The organization run by low-minded individuals lack ch ances for economical growth.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The assumptions or arguments based upon this theory indicate the need for a managerial choice between tough administration and control or softness in governance to enhance harmony at the work place. Today the latter situation merely exists, In line with McGregor (1984); this presumption does not bestow employees with the required high working motivation in the aim of fulfilling goals more than the need to ensure they receive financial remunerations. The employees behave in an unanticipated manner thus depriving the organization its goals. The organization is capable of maximizing the potential of the employees by first addressing certain workplace conditions especially during the complex modern business world. Today people are not in a position to seek and accept responsibility as a way of achieving job o r career satisfaction. This is due to the huge work requirements and in-turn low returns. The organization can only receive commitment and good results if the employees involved feel satisfied and motivated. These problems at the work place are solvable through creativity, imagination and ingenuity, which in consideration are the drives towards accepting liability for development. Proper treatment of the employees makes them to act by directing themselves towards commitments of the organizational goals, vision and mission. According to MaGrgor (1984), views over employees’ management, any member of staff is not ready to accept punishment in terms of poor working conditions or forceful control over performance. The humble treatment by the employer towards the employees would sound ambiguous and unachievable particularly in large organizations. As much as it is effective in administrating managers or professionals due to its nature of conductively supporting participative probl em solving procedures, it can work for junior employees as well. Modern work places are full of commanding managers who want to exercise their authoritative rights thus offending and depressing the junior workers most of whom would be humble in fear of accusations over insubordination. This major effect comes about because today’s employees lack of security in the work force. The job that one does is the only security thus the fear for losing it. The blame would be the low rates of returns. The income has various deductions to a point of denying the earner a chance for personal investment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Working Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People have endless need or urge to control others and this can lead to misery or failure in the workplace. It is very crucial to assign responsibilities in order to control tasks. One person is not supposed to control everything in the org anization. The power distribution strategy promotes growth due to proper decision-making procedures. In most work places today, the consultation of general employees over problem solving occur only when it is the last and only option especially when the required information is technical in nature. Employees feel emotionally important and positively motivated towards their jobs if consulted over issues affecting the organization especially when it concerns their lines of duty. In the modern life, technology advancement, require quick upgrading of personal skills. This issue make most managers to feel threatened by other junior staff over their job titles. ( Reitman and Schneer, 2008) Research has indicated this as a major source of conflicts and disagreements over desirable results of a task. This situation mostly affects the organization’s growth because of managers abandoning the most desirable results as irrelevant since they pose as challenges over their careers. According to McGregor (1984), proper management calls for requesting explanations over complex matters or issues at hand for full understanding of purpose of action. This procedure put forth the character-trends and empowerment for improved working methods. (McGregor, 1984) Improved results in the workforce are achievable if employees are elevated to a view of being in charge and having a respectable and important position along the management hierarchy. His is termed as â€Å"participative management of problems solving† which is evidently better compared to the authoritarian system of leadership. According to McGregor (1984), Staff members only contribute towards the organization’s growth if the managerial treatment indicates responsibility and value of the employees. Effects and outcomes of stress in the workplace on individuals Today, people are fighting to achieve or seek excellence and appreciation over their offers to the organization. The overtime experiences are the de terminant forces over human needs. By nature, majority of people are high achievers seeking excellence, frequent recognition and appreciation. Unlike the olden days, today’s employees are not ready to take the significant risks, which have high chances of career gain.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, human needs require them to search for affiliation to harmonize relationships with others and create compliance with instances that assist them to stand out from the crowd. Some people will shy away from seeking approval and recognition form fellow workmates but will rather try to find relationship that harmonize their association with others. Today’s work setting has created power seekers who aim at controlling others and seeking higher achievement in the administration ladder without considering professional achievements. The need to achieve higher power control or higher career goals calls for one to hunt for agreement and compliance among fellow employees or management. If people try to understand the need for professional experience, then they appreciate their social, educational and the category, which they belong to and this would enable them curb the excessive personal predispositions at the workplace. (Maslow, 1987) Than logical facts, personal feeling affe cts thoughts of people at the work place. If initiated, the personal feelings tend to stick because they are independent of facts and evidences. They are emotional preferences, which tend to stay put even when the original thoughts are invalid of the situation at hand. The managers ought to initiate some rational or logical sense into the employee to get them emotionally involved or engaged in a task. The establishment of emotions leads to removal or ignorance of the rational thoughts yet the rationality behind one’s feelings plays an important role in reasoning. Research indicates that personal attitudes and behaviours at work are the root cause of uncharacteristic behaviours at the work place. It is rare to find someone who has positive attitude towards work. The attitude mainly lowers self-motivation and disfigures key organizational goals or mission. If constrained to specific circumstances, attitudes deteriorate consistency, social desirability and personal experiences. It is important for managers to monitor such reactions or behaviours other than assuming that the attitude would workout to the desired performance. According to Maslow, (1987), the undesired attitude often causes confusion at the work place. People at the work place will behave as though the challenges involved do not belong to them. Attributing the cause of events in the workplace creates a big sense of control. Today the workplace is full of the blame game because of the habit of attributing the problems to internal and external factors. A person will blame the internal personality factors or the external factors when the errors seem to incline to their side. This is a personal trait, which if not curbed, can cause the organization to suffer from economically stunted growth. For instance if a team wins in a competition, the supporters will state, â€Å"we won† while when the team loose they say â€Å"they lost† and not â€Å"we lost† or they say â€Å"the ot her team won†. Naturally, no one wants to say we lost. Emotional and motivational factors drive the personal attributions. People often face with the challenge of having internal over external attributes. Making internal attributions about others within the organization damages the trust among employees. The repetitive problem leads to cognitive dissonance of an organization sticks when the blame persists. People can only take care of these vice if they are in position to eliminate the incorrect attributions. (Maslow, 1987) In the world of technology, the difference of opinion usually referred to as dissonance, is a powerful motivator which enables us to change conflicting believes or actions. Dissonance creates a feeling of painful tension due to conflicting thoughts. It solely depends on the importance of the subject matter, amount of tension on the dissonant mind and the inability to rationally control and resolve the conflict. People will have a strong dissonance when the personal believe is strong and they act centrally to that believe. Cognitive dissonance is a strong central mechanism appearing in most situations and it increases with importance or impact of the decision, which in most cases is difficult to reverse. The feeling of uneasiness in the workplace ought to send aside so that the affected can find persuasive ways to change believes personal values, attitudes and behaviours. (Maslow, 1987) When personal inner feelings are in alignment, then it is easy for one to achieve a comfortable condition. In order to control conflicts in an organization, one would deny, ignore and rationalize excuses over performance. Other ways of controlling the conflicting situations may include separating entities, transcendence, changing the entities or persuading. There is need for managers to show how the conflict may affect other important social norms of the organization. The commonness of inconsistency today calls for deeper thoughts regarding other people ’s potential ability in the workplace with relation to the undertaken task. (Romando, 2007) The other burning issue in the work place involves setting goals. The employees find set goals they might not be able to achieve. They need to be involved so that they participate in laying down understandable, unambiguous but challenging, and achievable goals. In relation to Romando (2007), organizational goals include directional objectives in which case motivation aims at arriving to particular conclusions. Organizational goals enable employees and employers to narrow down their differences to think over and support a conclusion. People become optimistic on the subject of achieving goals when deliberation is non-existent. Such a setting creates motivation due to the anticipated ability to arrive to a possible conclusion that supports advancement especially when the cost of being inaccurate seems to be very high. Unpredictably, investors are willing to invest more if the efforts are inclining to high and accurate goals. The organization’s chances of advancement depend upon influences over choices concerning beliefs and decision-making regulations. Accurateness of goals causes complex responses thus making people to think purposefully about their actions. According to Romando in 2007, personal preference entails the ultimate choice. While probing Maslow’s work Romando (2007) explained that, Maslow’s research over human behaviours in the workplace explains the ERG management theory. It is a satisfactory theory that examines organizational leadership style from a humanistic philosophical perspective. â€Å"Abraham Maslow, author of Motivation and Personality, views people from a holistic perspective and delineates a hierarchy of human needs as physiological, safety, esteem, self-actualization, belongingness and love. This he simplified into three sets of needs: Existence, Relatedness and Growth (hence ERG).† People need to seek social g rowth at their work places because this is the basis for creativity and hence the organization is physical, social, cultural and economical growth. Social growth also enhances the sense of completeness and fulfilments. (Romando, 2007) Conclusion over Job Satisfaction Current stress or stains at the workplace build up due to inefficient job satisfaction. The situation may be caused by the overall degradation of the economy thus the financial strains among organizations, low income, low resources, high rates of conflicts among workers, poor decision making procedures, fear for break-down and job dissatisfaction. Reduction of stain entails achieving satisfaction or changing the approaches used towards work. â€Å"People either take work as a job mainly for financial rewards but not interest, as a career where interest is advancement on the career ladder or as a calling where the focus is on the work itself other than advancement or financial fulfilment.† People should gather som e good behavioural patters such as having mechanisms for improving personal skills, coming up with personal projects and enhancing good rapport with co-workers to gain knowledge and encounter new challenges. There is urgent need for people to learn the concepts of braking job monotony such as engaging in volunteer work to meet new challenges and make best out of the difficulties encountered as a way of managing stress. (MFMER, 2006) Today’s challenges involve the turbulence on careers which often involve changes of employers, location, and occupation. In line with Reitman and Schneer (2008), emphasis for better stress free work environments depends on organizational governance or accountability. The global economy remains competitive, the technology pervasively require advancement; knowledge-based firms continue to mutate thus the needs for dynamism in the workforce. â€Å"In order to support individual behaviours organizations should embrace the realities of 21st century ca reers and recognize the importance of programs and policies that enable the careers of their employees such as part-time options, job sharing, free-time, and telecommuting.† (Summers and Hyman, 2005) References Mayo foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). (2006). Web. McGregor, D. (1984) the Human Side of Enterprise. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Web. Maslow, A. (1987). Motivation and Personality (third edition). HarperCollins College Div. Reitman, F. and Schneer, J. (2008). Enabling the new careers of the 21st century. Organization Management Journal. Web. Romando, R. (2007). Motivation Theory. Web. Summers, J and Hyman, J. (2005). Employee participation and company  Performance: Joseph rowntree foundation. Web.

MTBE and the environment essays

MTBE and the environment essays In 1990, the federal Clean Air Act was passed to improve air quality in the United States. President Bush's proposed amendments to the Clean Air Act initially would have led to the introduction of alternative, non-petroleum fuels. The petroleum and oxygenate industries responded by offering a reformulated gasoline program as a substitute for most of the alternate fuel proposals. As a result, the amendments to the federal Clean Air Act adopted in 1990 required steps to achieve lower vehicle emissions, including programs to oxygenate and reformulate gasoline. Oxygenated gasoline is designed to increase the combustion efficiency of gasoline, thereby reducing carbon monoxide emissions. Since January 1995, the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments require areas that have the most severe ozone pollution to use reformulated gasoline containing fuel oxygenates to improve air quality. Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether is one of the most commonly used fuel oxygenates because it is produced in very large amounts from isobutylene, a waste product in the refining process. MTBE can be easily produced at the refinery, at a low cost, and can be transferred through existing pipelines once it has been blended with gasoline. In contrast to other gasoline additives used in the past, MTBE is a member of a class of chemical compounds, ethers, whose unique properties are enhanced solubility in water and chemical attraction to water molecules. These properties, along with widespread use of MTBE, have resulted in frequent detection of MTBE in samples of shallow groundwater from urban areas throughout the United States. MTBE moves quickly to shallow groundwater because it is not attached to soil particles, and is chemically attracted to water molecules. MTBE the potential to impact regional groundwater sources and may present a cumulative contamination hazard due to its mobility and apparent recalcitrance. The United States Geological Survey, in a paper p...

Free Essays on Battle Of The Somme

Brandon Hampton The battle of the Somme was a war enabled by mass industrialization. Communication and logistic problems were prevalent because of the inhumanly large scale of the battle. Countless deaths and unknown amounts of suffering occurred because of general staff miscalculations. Keegan is able to explain that the battle of the Somme simply came down to the potentially deadly British artillery versus the German machine gunners that sought shelter in their underground bunkers. Keegan explains that Kitchener’s army recruits were still a little green and relied upon artillery bombardments to win the battle. The one ton shells, capable of blowing craters in the earth ten meters deep, fired by the British artillery was not enough to completely obliterate all of the German machine gunners. This failure of the British artillery’s effectiveness caused the death of many British infantrymen. When the artillery barrages stopped, the remnants of the German machine gunners returned to the surface to unleash hell. Keegan analyzes the not just the battle, but the pre-battle and post-battle as well. Keegan’s analysis gives an almost a surreal image of the pain, disorientation, vision, and behavior of the soldiers and their commanding officers. Keegan explains why the combatants were there, the battle plan used, and the cool blood and guts type of stuff. Keegan elaborates on why the war happened the way that it had. The fulcrum of the war was the type of weaponry used by each side and the application of those weapons. I have noticed that Keegan strives to answer the question â€Å"What wills men to battle?† He wants to emphasize not just the motive of each side to go to war, but he also wants you as a reader to draw your own conclusions about the personal motives of men to go to battle. All of the details given by Keegan are fuel for your brain to answer all of the rhetorical questions asked by him and the questions that ... Free Essays on Battle Of The Somme Free Essays on Battle Of The Somme Brandon Hampton The battle of the Somme was a war enabled by mass industrialization. Communication and logistic problems were prevalent because of the inhumanly large scale of the battle. Countless deaths and unknown amounts of suffering occurred because of general staff miscalculations. Keegan is able to explain that the battle of the Somme simply came down to the potentially deadly British artillery versus the German machine gunners that sought shelter in their underground bunkers. Keegan explains that Kitchener’s army recruits were still a little green and relied upon artillery bombardments to win the battle. The one ton shells, capable of blowing craters in the earth ten meters deep, fired by the British artillery was not enough to completely obliterate all of the German machine gunners. This failure of the British artillery’s effectiveness caused the death of many British infantrymen. When the artillery barrages stopped, the remnants of the German machine gunners returned to the surface to unleash hell. Keegan analyzes the not just the battle, but the pre-battle and post-battle as well. Keegan’s analysis gives an almost a surreal image of the pain, disorientation, vision, and behavior of the soldiers and their commanding officers. Keegan explains why the combatants were there, the battle plan used, and the cool blood and guts type of stuff. Keegan elaborates on why the war happened the way that it had. The fulcrum of the war was the type of weaponry used by each side and the application of those weapons. I have noticed that Keegan strives to answer the question â€Å"What wills men to battle?† He wants to emphasize not just the motive of each side to go to war, but he also wants you as a reader to draw your own conclusions about the personal motives of men to go to battle. All of the details given by Keegan are fuel for your brain to answer all of the rhetorical questions asked by him and the questions that ...

What is the best way to educate the U.S. workforce Essay

What is the best way to educate the U.S. workforce - Essay Example workforce held jobs that did not require a college degree [Kangas, n.d.], indicating that there was glut of over qualified people at the top, as a result of which many of them are being displaced downwards, making it even more difficult for non-graduates to secure jobs. The welfare reform legislation which was signed into force in 1998, has introduced the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, that operates upon the principle of â€Å"work first† as opposed to the â€Å"training first† option that was in force before. A broad based training policy has proved to be difficult to implement, since the U.S. labor market is fragmented.[Carnevale, 1999]. Thus, the Workforce Investment Act was also introduced to reform the Government training programs for welfare recipients [Haittiangadi, 1998]. Prior to this, the School to Work opportunities Act of 1994 has introduced vocational and apprenticeship programs as a part of the high school curriculum [Schaffer, 1999]. Th is was first initiated in Broome County in 1990, in an effort to implement the German apprenticeship model in the United States school curriculum [Emanoil, 2001], and prepare students better to make the important transition from school to workplace. What is the best way to educate the U.S. workforce? The validity of traditional academic- based systems of education are being questioned as they produce students who are poorly equipped with the skills required at work, especially in today’s techno-savvy environment. They are distracted in class, working after school at low paying, part time jobs where everything of value is generally learnt within a short period of time and they stay on for purely financial reasons. However, the net result is that they remain stagnant at the low level jobs and rarely advance higher. The other side of the same coin is the â€Å"massification† of education with student base expansion since the 1980s [Alexander,

Managing Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Ethics - Essay Example This management behavior has resulted in reduced morale, job stress, and fatigue for the employees. Before going into the discussion regarding Ron Eden’s approach to management in 2000s, let us get a better understanding of what ethical management actually is. Management ethics include a set of defined ethics that is required for a business to remain in the market. Some of the principles that increase the effectiveness of organizations include ethical decision making based on facts, getting facts from possible perspectives, recognizing managing ethics as a process, avoiding the occurrence of ethical dilemmas, and using cross-functional teams while implementing an ethical management program in the organization. There exist many theories, which are used by the managers to control behavior and motivation of the employees. Scientific management theory focuses on how managers can improve efficiency through person-task relationships. Administrative management theory is related to the development of a highly efficient and effective organizational structure through outlining the principles of administration and bureaucracy. Behavioral management theory focuses on how managers should motivate the employees to achieve organizational goals. Theory X assumes that workers do not like to work hard whereas theory Y assumes that workers like to work hard if they are given opportunities and incentives. Management science theory believes in giving more control to the managers over the resources in order to produce desirable results. The last theory, which is organizational management theory, focuses on how managers can influence behaviors to control the organization’s relationship with the external environment. Mr. Ron Eden, the top manager of the company, possesses a controlled management approach in the company. In Electronic Banking Inc., the top manager is the

Examining Peplaus Pattern Integrations in Long Term Care, Research Paper

Examining Peplaus Pattern Integrations in Long Term Care, Rehabilitation Nursing - Research Paper Example The interpersonal process is growing energy for personality. Interpersonal processes comprise the nurse-client affiliation, communication and the duties of the nurse. Peplau’s theory insists on the value of nurses’ capacity to comprehend own conduct to assist others to recognize professed difficulties. This paper will explore the pattern integrations in Long Term Care facilities. Peplau gives the nursing process the meaning of a purposeful logical action guiding the nursing practice in giving assistance in an organized way. She also acknowledged four chronological parts of the interpersonal relationship. The Orientation Phase Peplau names this to be the part where defining the problem is done and it begins when the client meets the nurse as an unfamiliar person. The nurse gets to describe the problem and to decide the nature of the service required. The client then seeks help, expresses wishes and asks several questions, and gets to share preconceptions and the prospect of experiences. The nurse then explains various roles to the client and identifies the problems, and then uses the accessible resources and services to help the client. The Identification Phase Peplau explains this phase to involve choosing suitable professional support. The client takes part in setting the goal and begins to get a sense of belonging and the ability to solve a problem. This reduces the sentiment of hopelessness. The Exploitation Phase Peplau explains this phase as involving usage of professional support for other ways of solving the problem. The services employed are based on client’s requirements and interests. The client begins feeling like an important part of the setting and make employs techniques of getting attention. The values of dialogue techniques have to be used to comprehend and deal with the problem effectively. The client might fluctuate if left to be independent. Nurses have to understand the diverse communication phases and aid the patient in trying all means of assistance and ensure that advancement towards the last phase is attained.

Describe Maslow's hierarchy of needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Describe Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Essay Example Human tries to first achieve deficiency needs than after he tries to achieve growth needs that are continually shaping behavior [Wikipedia]. Biological and Physiological needs: Physiological needs take highest priority, because it can control thoughts and behaviors causing people to feel sick, pain and discomfort. These types of needs mainly consist of air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, homeostasis and excretion Safety needs: This need comes after the Physiological needs are met. This is a natural phenomenon that one moves next level after achieving one stage. Everyone wants to have safety and security. This may be for physical security, health security, employment security, revenues, property and resources security, moral and physiological security, family security, etc. Belongingness and Love needs: When physiological and safety needs are met than human want to have social needs that mainly involves emotionally based relationships. This type of needs is workgroup, supportive and communicative family, affection, relationships, Friendship, and sexual intimacy. A human nature needs to feel belonging and acceptances from social group or social connections and love and to be loved (sexually and non-sexually) by others. Absence of these needs can cause one to feel being alone and depressed. Sometime belonging and love need overcome the physiological and safety needs that depend on the strength of the peer pressure. Esteem Needs: According to Maslow, all humans have a need to be respected, to have self-respect, and to respect others. People need to engage themselves in order to gain recognition. People have an activity or activities that give the person a sense of contribution, to feel accepted and self-value, be it in a profession or hobby. Imbalances at this level can result in low self-esteem, inferiority complexes, and an inflated sense of

Corparate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corparate finance - Essay Example The Company also had been operating in a country with under-developed stock of exchange. There has been therefore the need to carry out research to look into the ways that the firm can maintain its development to a high level. The research is therefore expected to look into an alternative capital sources for the company and analyze the impacts of dividend policy and level of debt on the value of the firm. The firm having been operating under economy with under-developed stock of exchange limited its goals towards adjustments. Risks diversification opportunities were therefore limited for the company. The company’s investment decision was influenced by high diversification costs, making it to avoid financial market use. The technological adjustment is therefore limited as the company end up choosing production technologies that are less capital intensive subject to short-term risk. The company was therefore unable to adjust up to the latest technologies which were more capital intensive. The under-developed stock exchange market prevents the company from structuring their financial packages optimally (Levine, 2002). Conflicts of interest usually exist between the managers of the firms and its suppliers and customers, and also between different firm investors. Hoad Company if having high debt levels had increased its possibility of bankruptcy sufficiently which may put them into risky projects harming their creditors. The company, if highly leveraged, could be unable to get additional credit due to incentives created by debt financing to the taking of greater risks. Availability of well-developed stock of market exchange would allow for equity issuance. This issuance would mitigate problems of incentives providing room for more borrowing to the company. Stock market has always played an important role in the provision of information. A well-developed stock markets gathers information concerning prospects of companies that had their shares traded availing

Describe Maslow's hierarchy of needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Describe Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Essay Example Human tries to first achieve deficiency needs than after he tries to achieve growth needs that are continually shaping behavior [Wikipedia]. Biological and Physiological needs: Physiological needs take highest priority, because it can control thoughts and behaviors causing people to feel sick, pain and discomfort. These types of needs mainly consist of air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, homeostasis and excretion Safety needs: This need comes after the Physiological needs are met. This is a natural phenomenon that one moves next level after achieving one stage. Everyone wants to have safety and security. This may be for physical security, health security, employment security, revenues, property and resources security, moral and physiological security, family security, etc. Belongingness and Love needs: When physiological and safety needs are met than human want to have social needs that mainly involves emotionally based relationships. This type of needs is workgroup, supportive and communicative family, affection, relationships, Friendship, and sexual intimacy. A human nature needs to feel belonging and acceptances from social group or social connections and love and to be loved (sexually and non-sexually) by others. Absence of these needs can cause one to feel being alone and depressed. Sometime belonging and love need overcome the physiological and safety needs that depend on the strength of the peer pressure. Esteem Needs: According to Maslow, all humans have a need to be respected, to have self-respect, and to respect others. People need to engage themselves in order to gain recognition. People have an activity or activities that give the person a sense of contribution, to feel accepted and self-value, be it in a profession or hobby. Imbalances at this level can result in low self-esteem, inferiority complexes, and an inflated sense of

Strategy and Performance Management at DSM Essay

Strategy and Performance Management at DSM - Essay Example The final KSF is important from the point of view of the merchant players. Low cost and security from sales is essential for them (Cai, et al, 2009). The KSFs can be linked with each other, if some of the steps of performance management are implemented within the system of DSM. The process of performance management consists of five steps. The steps consists of planning, developing, monitoring, rating and finally development planning. Among the various steps, planning, developing and rating is important from the perspective of DSM. This is because, all the selected steps are essential to enhance the KSFs and helps in ensuring integration within the factors (Armstrong & Baron, 2000). The suggested process consists of planning, developing and rating. Analyzing the processes would justify the rationale behind the suggestions. The three suggested steps are also linked with each other. The adoption of these steps within the system would help DSM to amalgamate the KSFs effectively. Planning is essential in an organization as it is the main factor that helps in properly allocating the resources of a company. Planning ensures that the company capitalizes on the opportunities available to it and the process is done in a cost effective way. Proper planning helps to meet the requirements of the customers. The demands of the customers can be fulfilled if proper production plans are designed. Efficient distribution of sales will be ensured if planning is done in the process of identifying potential target customers (Cai, et al, 2009). The second step involves activities that are related to efficient development of ideas and techniques. This step is connected to the first st ep. If proper planning is not done, the development process will also not be productive. Development is also an integral step in the process of performance management. Innovative techniques of production have to be developed in order to gain comparative advantage in the

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Timeline 1995 1996 Starbucks Coffee International is established. In August, Starbucks opens its first Starbucks store outside of North America in Tokyo, Japan through a jointventure agreement with Sazaby Inc. In December, Starbucks opens its first store in Singapore through a licensing agreement with Bonstar, Pte Ltd. 1997 In December, Starbucks opens its first store in Makati City, Philippines through a licensing agreement with Rustan Corporation. In July, Starbucks opens its first store in Bangkok, Thailand through a licensing agreement with Central Pattana, Plc. Coffee Partners (Thailand). In October, Starbucks opens its first store in Auckland, New Zealand through a licensing agreement with Restaurant Brands, Ltd. In December, Starbucks opens its first store in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia through a licensing agreement with Berjaya Group Berhad. 1999 In July, Starbucks opens its first store in Seoul, South Korea through a licensing agreement with Shinsegae Department Stores Co. , Ltd. In June, Starbucks Coffee International acquires 100 percent equity of Coffee Partners (Thailand), forming Starbucks Coffee (Thailand) Ltd. In July, Starbucks opens its first store in Sydney, Australia through a joint-venture agreement with a local Australian entrepreneur. In December, Starbucks Coffee International acquires 50 percent equity of South Korean operations from Shinsegae Department Stores Co. , Ltd. , creating a joint-venture partnership in South Korea. Starbucks opens its 100th Japanese store, in Akasaka. Starbucks is named â€Å"Number One Restaurant Chain† by Japan’s Nikkei Restaurant Magazine and â€Å"Best Product of the Year† by South Korea’s Joongang Daily Newspaper. 2001 2002 Starbucks Coffee Japan, Ltd. begins offering stock options for part- and full-time partners. In February, Starbucks Coffee International acquires 100 percent equity of its operations in Australia, forming Starbucks Coffee Company (Australia) Pty. Ltd. In May, Starbucks opens its first store in Jakarta, Indonesia through a licensing agreement with PT Mitra Adiperkasa. The first Starbucks Coffee Ambassador Cup is held in the Philippines. Starbucks Coffee Company (Australia) Pty. Ltd. inaugurates the Bandaged Bear Day Appeal. Starbucks receives the â€Å"Nikkei Superior Products and Service Award† in Japan. 2003 Starbucks launches the first Asian Commitment to Originsâ„ ¢ coffee, Muan Jai Blendâ„ ¢, sourced from the hills of Northern Thailand.  ©2009 STARBUCKS COFFEE COMPANY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 1998 1998 2000 2004 In July, Starbucks Coffee International acquires 100 percent equity of its operations in Singapore from Bonstar, Pte Ltd. , announcing the formation of Starbucks Coffee Singapore Pte. Ltd. Also in July, Starbucks Coffee International acquires 49. 9 percent equity of its operations in Malaysia, forming Berjaya-Starbucks Coffee Company Sdn. Bhd. Starbucks celebrates the opening of its 100th store in South Korea. 2005 Starbucks helps fund a free pediatric clinic in Penang through collaboration with HOPE worldwide Malaysia. Starbucks introduces ready-to-drink Starbucks Discoveries ® chilled cup coffee, in Japan and Taiwan. The drinks mark the company’s first RTD coffee offerings outside of North America. Starbucks introduces Starbucks bottled Frappuccino ® coffee drinks in South Korea. 2006 In August, Starbucks celebrates its 10th anniversary in Japan. Starbucks celebrates the opening of its 100th store in the Philippines and its 600th store in Japan. Starbucks introduces Starbucks Doubleshot ® espresso drinks in South Korea. 2007 In December, Starbucks celebrates its 10th anniversary in the Philippines. Starbucks celebrates the opening of its 100th store in Thailand and its 200th store in South Korea. Starbucks introduces Starbucks Discoveries ® chilled cup coffee in South Korea. 2008 In February, Starbucks celebrates the opening of its 100th store in Malaysia. In July, Starbucks celebrates its 10th anniversary in Thailand. In September, Starbucks introduces Starbucks Doubleshot ® espresso drinks in Japan. In October, Starbucks celebrates its 10th anniversary in New Zealand In November, Starbucks and partner Dong Suh Foods donate more than 3,000 books to sponsor the Starbucks Discoveries ® Dream Library program in Jeju Island, South Korea. The Dream Library marks the first charitable outreach program sponsored by Starbucks Global Consumer Products. In December, Starbucks celebrates its 10th anniversary in Malaysia. 2009 In February, Starbucks appoints Arun Bhardwaj interim president, Starbucks Coffee Asia Pacific. ###  ©2009. STARBUCKS COFFEE COMPANY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Analysis of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria in Soil

Analysis of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria in Soil 1. INTRODUCTION Cereals are the world’s major source of food for human nutrition and rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the predominant cereal crop and represent staple diet for more than two fifth of the world population. To feed the ever increasing human population, the world’s yearly rice manufacturing to be bound by an obligation act out of 560 million tonnes to 760 million tonnes by 2020. The future increase in rice production has to come from the same or even reduced land area and the productivity yield (per ha) must be greatly enhanced by providing additional nutrient input and through effective control of phytopathogens. Blast disease of rice caused by Pyricularia oryzae is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of rice causing loss up to 90% and has a ubiquitous occurrence in almost all the rice growing countries (Mehrothra, 1980). Phosphorus has been called â€Å"the key of life† because it is directly involved in most of the life processes. Next to nitrogen it is invariably classified as one of the macronutrients and it is a key element in frequency of use as fertilizer. It serves as a primary energy source for microbial oxidation. It is a constituent substance in life processes. Soil cannot give high yields if it is deficient in phosphate. Different mechanisms have been suggested for the solubilization of inorganic phosphorus by phosphate solubilize. It is usually accepted that the important mechanism of mineral phosphate solubilization is the movement of organic acids the combination of various thing into one whole by soil microorganisms (Halder et al., 1990). Manufacturing of organic acids results in acidification of the microbial cell and its lying on the outskrits. Resultant, inorganic phosphate may be released from a mineral phosphate by proton addition for Calcium ion (Goldstein, 1994). The production of organic acids by PSB has been deep notifified. Among them, gluconic acid seems to be the most repeated occurance agent of mineral phosphate solubilization. Being an in specified microorganism is known to be involved in the solubilization of insoluble phosphates (Alexander, 1977). These phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms render insoluble phosphate into soluble group formed completely the series of acidification and chelation of some reactions. This process not only compensates for higher cost of manufacturing fertilizers in industry but also mobilizes the fertilizers added to soil (Rodriguez and Reynaldo, 1999). Therefore, many researchers have tried to increase the plant-available phosphate fraction by means of Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) such as Achromobacter sp, Agrobacterium sp, Alcaligens sp, Bacillus cereus, B. polymyxa, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas striata and Xanthomonas sp and Fungi like Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. Several mechanisms of plant microbe interaction may participate in the association and affect plant growth, including IAA, Siderophore production and biocontrol against Pyricularia oryzae. Thus, the Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) affect the plant growth through direct promotion by producing plant growth promoting substances and through indirect promotion by acting against plant pathogenic microorganisms (Kloepper et al., 1989). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are free living, soil borne bacteria, which enhance the growth of the plant either directly or indirectly (Kloepper et al., 1980; Glick and Ibid, 1995). The direct mechanisms involve nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, HCN production, manufacturing of phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins, and lowering of ethylene concentration (Glick and Ibid, 1995; Glick et al., 1999). Bacteria belonging to the genera Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, and Rhizobium as well as Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, Acetobacter diazotrophicus and Bradyrhizobium japonicum have been shown to that which is produced auxins which help in inducing plant growth increase (Patten and Glick, 2002). There are many reports on plant growth pro ­motion and yield enhancement by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Lugtenberg et al., 2001). The mechanisms of plant growth increase the pro ­motion by PGPR include: the ability to produce phytohormones, N2 fixation, antagonism against phytopathogens and solubilization of insoluble phosphates (Lugtenberg and Kamilova, 2009). It was also suggested that the PGPR can also prevent the deleterious effects of stresses from the environ ­ment (Paul and Nair, 2008). Composting is a biotechnological process by which different microbial communities convert organic wastes into a stabilized form. During the process, temperatures arise because of the heat released due to biological activity. These temperatures are responsible for pathogen inactivation. Composting is an aerobic process that requires O2, optimal moisture and enough free air space and C:N ratio within certain limits. The treatment by composting leads to the development of microbial populations, which causes numerous physicochemical changes within mixture. These changes could influence the metal distribution through release of heavy metals during organic matter mineralization or the metal solubilization by the decrease of pH, metal biosorption by the microbial biomass or metal complexation with the newly formed humic substances or other factors (Rahul Kumar et al., 2010). One of the most effective means of recycling any organic wastes for agricultural use is by means of composting, an accepted practice in India and elsewhere. In many cases in India, it is valuable to add nutrients to compost to increase its fertilizer value. Although, sugar industry wastes are relatively high in nitrogen, calcium, magnesium and potassium, they are generally deficient in phosphorus, iron and zinc when compared to fertilizers commonly used in India. Further, the possibility of enriching organic wastes with micronutrients like Fe and Zn, which have become critical in crop production, have been studied and their effectiveness is increased appreciably through combined application of organics with FeSO4 and ZnSO4 in addition to N, P, K fertilizers (Deepa Devi, 1992; Sennimalai, 1994). Therefore, it is appropriate to develop composting systems that are capable of converting these agroindustrial wastes into valuable organic fertilizers. Among the microbes, bacteria are the most important one for decomposing waste. Bacteria use press mud for their metabolism and finally they produce some simple and useful compounds from them which are important for soil health, plant growth and over all to keep well balance of natural ecosystem (Zaved et al., 2008). Moreover, efficien ­cy of bacterial in bioconversion or organic compounds is well documented (Petre et al., 1999; Suhaimi et al., 2012). Unfortunately, knowledge on physico-chemical and mi ­crobial diversity of bacteria on bioconversion of sugarcane press mud is limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to monitor the chemical and biological changes during composting of sugarcane press mud with cattle manure in order to get high quality stabilized product within the goal of shortening the stabilization time. The pressmud biocompost contains appreciable amount of plant nutrients viz., organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium along with traces of micronutrients viz., Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn (Banulekha, 2007). The beneficial effect of the organic matter for enhancing the soil fertility and thereby improving the crop productivity is well established (Laird et al., 2001). Objectives of the present study To collect the soil samples from ten different locations in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India. To isolate and identify the Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae) from collected soil samples. To screen the efficient Phosphate solubilizing bacterial isolates based on production of plant growth promoting substances. Composting of sugar mill waste (pressmud) by Phosphobacterial isolates and analysis of nutrient status of compost mixtures. To study the combined effect of efficient phosphobacterial isolates and compost mixture for the growth and yield of Paddy BPT-5804(Oryza sativa L.) Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin become or make less indicate in the present study during the bacterial consortium based composting process. Singh and Sharma (2002) reported rapid decomposition of wheat straw with a mixture of cellulolytic fungi, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Trichoderma reesei, Aspergillus niger along with nitrogen fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum. The simulated activity of bacterial consortium present in the waste substrate ability to do have characterised by intensity cellulolysis and lignolysis as advised done by Loquet et al. (1984). Hemicellulosic residue of pressmud contains a large quantity of xylans. Xylanase are enzymes that are capable of degrading xylan units yielding large quantities of monomeric xylose units. The xylanases activities during composting. The xylanase activity in all the treatments was found to be on the 30th day and thereafter a sharp decline was noticed. During 90th days maximum xylanase activity recorded in CM – 8 (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) (5.91 U ml-1 of protein) followed by CM -5 (4.93 U ml-1 of protein), CM – 6 (3.91 U ml-1 of protein), CM – 3 (3.89 U ml-1 of protein), CM – 2 (3.00 U ml-1 of protein), CM – 4 (2.92 U ml-1 of protein) and CM – 6 (2.00 U ml-1 of protein). The minimum amount of xylanase activity recorded in CM – 1 (pressmud alone) (1.82 U ml-1 of protein). The survival and microbial activity during the entire composting process was studied by estimating dehydrogenase activity. During 90th day, maximum dehydrogenase activity recorded in CM – 8 (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) (3.09 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1) followed by CM – 7 (2.95 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1), CM 6 (2.39 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1), CM – 5 (2.30 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1), CM – 4 (1.71 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1), CM – 3 (1.70 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1) and CM – 2 (1.68 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1). Lower amount of dehydrogenase activity recorded in CM – 1 (Pressmud alone) (1.00 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1). In general, percentage cellulose reduction increased thereafter decrease in the period of decomposition in press mud up to end of 90days. The initial cellulose content of pressmud was 15.75 % explained. During 90th day, maximum cellulose reduction recorded in CM – 8 (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) (3.81%) followed by CM – 5 (3.88%), CM – 6 (3.99%), CM – 7 (4.09%), CM – 3 (4.2%), CM – 2 (4.62%) and CM – 4 (4.65%). The minimum cellulose reduction recorded in CM – 1 (pressmud alone) (5.62%). Changes in reduction of hemicellulose content during composting of pressmud are studied. From the results, it was noticed that the reduction of hemicellulose content increased thereafter decreased in all treatments. During 90th day, reduction in hemicellulose content recorded in CM – 8 (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis +Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) (7.76%) followed by CM – 6 (7.85%), CM – 5 (7.90%), CM – 7 (7.92%), CM – 3 (7.95%), CM – 2 (9.22%) and CM – 4 (9.37%). Least amount of reduction in hemicellulose content recorded in CM – 1 (Pressmud alone) (13.00%). Inoculation levels were found to have significant ef ­fect on reduction in lignin content. During 90th day, reduction of lignin content in triple inoculants compost mixture recorded in CM – 8 (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis +Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) (6.10%), followed by CM – 5 (6.31), CM – 6 (6.64%), CM – 7 (6.69%), CM – 2 (6.81%), CM – 2 (7.60%) and CM – 4 (7.70%). The lowest reduction in lignin content recorded in CM – 1 (Pressmud alone) (8.24%). Faryal et al. (2006) have suggested the effects of inoculation with three thermophilic species of Bacillus on the composting activity of drainage water that passes through sewers sludge amended with black combustible mineral fly the grey soft remains as the causer or source. The bacteria population present in the compost mixtures were estimated quantitatively during the 90th day. In all the treatments the bacterial population was more in CM – 8 (29.32 Ãâ€" 106 cfu g-1) and less in CM-1 (15.00 Ãâ€" 106 cfu g-1). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on plant height of paddy var BPT – 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was measured. Among the various treatments tested, the highest plant height was recorded in the treatment T8 (75% NPK + Compost Mixture 8 + BS + BM + EA) (121 .98 cm). The least plant height was recorded in T9 (Control) (89.30 cm). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on Dry matter production of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the dry matter production was maximum in treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM+BS+BM+EA) (8.12 t ha-1). The lowest chlorophyll content was recorded in T9 (Control) (4.00 t ha-1). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on Leaf area index at flowering of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the Leaf area index at flowering was maximum in treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM+BS+BM+EA) (6.42 cm). The lowest grain yield was recorded in T9 (Control) (3.98cm). The Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on chlorophyll content of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the chlorophyll content was maximum in the treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM+BS+BM+EA) (3.09 mg/g of leaf). The lowest chlorophyll content was recorded in T9 (Control) (3.00 mg/g of leaf). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on number of tillers plant1 of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the number of tillers plant -1 was maximum in treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM+BS+BM+EA) (18.86). The treatment T1 (100% NPK) (18.52) was on par with the treatment T8. The lowest tillers plant1 was recorded in T9 (Control) (10.56). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on Number of tillers panicles hill -1 of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the Number of tillers panicles hill -1 was maximum in treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM+BS+BM+EA) (6.37). The treatment T1 (100% NPK) (6.01) was on par with the treatment T8. The minimum tillers panicles hill -1 was recorded in T9 (Control) (3.00). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on Number of filled grains panicles -1 of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the Number of filled grains panicles-1 was maximum in treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM+BS+BM+EA) (73.03). The treatment T1 (100% NPK) (72.78) was on par with the treatment T8. The lowest filled grains panicles-1 was recorded in T9 (Control) (57.24). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on Number of thousand grain weight of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the No of thousand grain weight was maximum in treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM + BS + BM + EA) (21.56). The treatment T1 (100% NPK) (21.01) was on par with T8. The minimum grain weight was recorded in T9 (Control) (14.23). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on grain yield and straw yield of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the grain yield and straw yield content was maximum in treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM + BS + BM + EA) (47.36), (63.76) and the treatment T1 (100% NPK) (46.88), (63.24) was on par with the treatment T8. The lowest grain yield was recorded in T9 (Control) (25.23), (49.76). The effect of Compost mixture and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on nutrients uptake (N, P K) was determined. Among the treatments tested, maximum NPK uptake was recorded in the treatment T8 (75% NPK + BS + BM + EA) (121.56 kg ha-1), (22.86 kg ha-1), (118.73 kg ha-1). The treatment T1 (100% NPK) (121.02 kg ha-1), (22.41 kg ha-1) and (118.31 kg ha-1) was on par with the treatment T8. The lowest NPK was recorded in T9 (Control) (92.85 kg ha-1), (11.77 kg ha-1) and (89.82 kg ha-1). The effect of Compost mixture and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on nutrients uptake (N, P K) was determined. Among the treatments tested, maximum NPK uptake was recorded in the treatment T8 (75% NPK + BS + BM + EA) (72.85 kg ha-1) (18.73 kg ha-1) and (81.67 kg ha-1). The treatment T1 (100% NPK) (72.43 kg ha-1), (18.51 kg ha-1) and (81.47 kg ha-1) was on par with T8. The minimum NPK was recorded in T9 (Control) (46.21 kg ha-1), (08.05 kg ha-1) and (56.12 kg ha-1) The effect of Compost mixture and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on bacterial population was studied. Highest bacterial population was recorded in the treatment T8 (Bacteria – 36.66 Ãâ€" 106 cfu g-1 and the lowest bacterial population (19.27 Ãâ€" 106 cfu g-1).

Stereo Types Essay -- essays research papers

Stereotypes â€Å"What do you expect form a blonde?† â€Å" A woman’s place is in the kitchen†, â€Å" Look at the jewelry he’s wearing, he’s probably a drug dealer† How many times have we heard statements such as these? It is such statements along with numerous others, which have caused our society to isolate and stereotype every individual based on past or previous experiences. To categorize individuals or a group according to an oversimplified standardized image or idea is to stereotype. When we stereotype, it affects our ability to understand and accept individuals and various groups of people for who they are. Women, Police Officers and various ethnic groups are among many who are stereotyped. In the early 1800’s, women were recognized as â€Å"homemakers†. However, as times changed they began to feel the need to become independent. As a result, women are now frequently stereotyped more than ever, especially in the business environment. Men are accustomed to women acquiring positions that require a â€Å"feminine touch† such as, nurses, secretaries, school teachers or other clerical positions. Therefore, when a woman acquires a position that puts her in higher authority, such as a role as a Vice President or CEO of a company, she is instantly stereotyped as feeling the need to be dominant. Women are also stereotyped by what they wear. For example, if a woman is wearing an outfit that is tight fitting or wearing a mini skirt, she is misconstrued as being too promiscuous.   Ã‚  Ã‚  &n...

Albert Speer - Differing Historical Interpretations :: essays research papers

They are many factors influencing the different historical interpretations of Albert Speer. The most influential was Speer’s own character construction of himself in his defence at the Nuremberg trials. This view was held by a majority of historians until Matthias Schmidt found holes in Speer’s story. A large blow was dealt to Speer’s own construction of his role in Nazi Germany when the Walters’ chronicles were released containing various incriminating evidence. There are still a number of historians who prefer to view Albert Speer as the Good Nazi, even though most historians now believe that the image created by Speer of himself was self-serving and false. Speer’s well structured and thought out defence shaped historical interpretation for years to come. At Nuremberg he presented himself as a pure technician and not involved in the politics or ideology of the party. He also claimed collective responsibility for crimes against Jews but also his ignorance of the Nazi intentions. As he stated at a later time: â€Å"I just stood aside and said to myself that as long as I did not personally participate it had nothing to do with me. My toleration for the anti Semitic campaign made me responsible for it.† This admission of guilt won a fair amount of sympathy from the court. The reasons he gave for being with the Nazi party was that he was taken by Hitler’s personality and also realised that if he was to achieve his dream as an architect he will have to sell his soul to the party. This image of Speer was to be accepted for a while by most historians and was given little attention. This was probably because Speer was a litt le less ‘spectacular’ than Hitler’s other henchmen. There were however some suspicions. John Galbraith, a member of the US team that debriefed Speer before the Nuremberg trial, said in Life magazine 1945 that Speer’s claims contained â€Å"elements of fantasy†. He also believed that Speer’s confession was a part of his â€Å"well developed strategy of self vindication and survival.† Most historians believed in Speer’s testimonies until Wolters’ Chronicles were released. W Shirer The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (1960), A Bullock Hitler a Study in Tyranny (1962), and Joachim Fest The Face on the Third Reich (1970) all portray Speer as the good Nazi, the apolitical technocrat and a repentant German. Raul Hilberg, in The Destruction of the European Jews (1973) discusses in passing Speer’s involvement in the ‘Jewish affair’ but he does not delve in the matter.

Of mice and men summaries

Two friends, George Milton and Lennie Small, are on their way to a new Job at an agricultural ranch. They are Job hunting in Soledad after being thrown out of Weed when Lennie mistakenly was accused of attempted rape of a female character, although he only likes to pet nice things like mice. During the 1st chapter George and Lennie bicker and argue and play on each other's emotions.At the brush, as the 2 characters are so different, they bicker over how they get through life together, and how it would be easier if they went their separate ways and how Lennie is holding George back from his dream. 2. George and Lennie finally get to the ranch where they will be working. They meet several people currently working there. They meet the boss, the Janitor, the boss' son, Curley and his wife, Carlson and Slim (workers on the ranch). Curley takes a disliking to Lennie as he susses him out. Curley also used to be a pro boxer so takes bigger people as always being on the Wrong side' of him.Alt hough George tries to protect Lennie from ‘spilling the beans' about Lennie's mental problems, Lennie is discovered when his memory lets him down and says to George and Candy that he wants a puppy to stroke and look after. . As George and Lennie get to know more and more people on the ranch, constant interruptions of their familiarisation with Candy lead to the slaughter of Candys dog. As their conversation continues they become hypnotised by their dream and conclude that if Candy moves with them their dream could come true in a month's time.Once again interrupted, Candy irritates Curley as he looks for his wife and Lennie results in a fight. At first Lennie avoids the fight but under George's instructions Lennie ends Curley with a completely crushed hand. As Curley goes to the doctor, he is blackmailed into defending Lennie and telling he got his hand aught in a machine. 4. It's Saturday night and everybody goes into town but leaving the weak ones' behind. With nothing better to do Lennie goes to find the puppies to pet but ends up walking in on Crooks instead.At first Crooks is snide towards Lennie and tries to defend himself, but eventually gives in as Candy enters the room in search of Lennie. As with Lennie, at first Crooks dislikes the idea of inviting him in, but after some though, Candy Joins the scene. The 3 workers sit and talk about George and Lennie's dream but Crooks disagrees that it's possible. At this point Curlers wife walks in in request of Curley. She confronts Lennie about Curleys hand and spoils the conversation. To get rid of Curleys wife, Candy says the other workers have returned.This is when George finds out and is angered by the fact that Candy and Lennie told Crooks about their dream. 5. The chapter begins with a description of the barn and the day and then the focus is on Lennie and the ‘newly dead' puppy. Lennie is upset and angry that he killed the pup and fears he won't be able to tend the rabbits. As Lennie weeps Cur leys wife walks in and begins to flirt with him. As ended up breaking her neck. As she lay in the barn, Lennie ran out of the ranch and id in the brush.The other workers, after Candy and George, discovered her body and also left the ranch to shoot Lennie. At this point Curley was in control of the other workers. 6. The chapter starts with Lennie panicking in the brush, where in chapter 1 he was told to hide if in trouble. A metaphorical description is used to describe future events in the chapter. George enters the scene and calms Lennie down by once again explaining what they plan to do in the future. As the chapter reaches its climax, George shoots Lennie in the back of the head with Carlson's luger which he stole rom the bunkhouse.Lennie's death was very much like Candys dogs' death – life goes on. Thursday Evening Friday Morning Friday night Saturday night Sunday morning George and Lennie make their way to Soledad. They talk about their dream. arrive at the ranch and meet the boss and the other workers. talk about their dream. Lennie gets in a fght with Curley and crushes his hand. All workers except Lennie, Crooks, Curleys wife go into town. The lesser ones get to know each other in Crooks' shack. Lennie kills Curleys wife by accident. Candy finds her. Sunday George shoots Lennie.

The Rate Of Photosynthesis

1) Construct a graph of your data 2) Using the graph, estimate the time at which 50 percent of the leaf disks were floating on the surface. The point at which 50 percent of the leaf disks are floating will be you point of reference for future investigations Using the graph the estimated time that roughly 50% of the leaf disks were floating on the surface was around the 10th minute. At the 10th minute our number rose up to 26/50 leaf disks. 3. What variable were you testing in this investigation? We were testing the leaf disks as the control.The white light, and the water were the controlled variables. 4. Explain why the leaf disks started to float after being exposed to white light. The leaf disks started floating after being exposed to white light because the process of photosynthesis is light- dependent. Light is required for the process of photosynthesis to begin and so the disks would not start floating unless they were placed under the sun, or in this instance the white light. 6 . In this investigation, you measured the rate of oxygen production. How might you measure the rate of loss of carbon dioxide?The rate of oxygen production was measured by the amount of dicks that stated to float at a certain time. After the disks have all floated to the top, the rate of carbon dioxide loss could be measured by how long it takes for the leaf disks to float back down to the bottom. 7) Brainstorm possible environmental factors that could affect the rate of photosynthesis. Do research on one of these factors and write a short paper on your findings. Factors that could affect the rate of photosynthesis could be the duration of wavelength, high light intensity, or even air pollutants.The topic we researched was ‘High Light Intensity†. High light intensity happens beyond saturation point. Light intensity reduces the rate of photosynthesis. This affect is called solarization. It can be caused by photo-inhibition and photo-oxidation. Photo-inhibition and photo-o xidation occurs when shade leaves are abruptly exposed to bright light or when sun leaves are exposed to bright light with environmental stresses such as water deficit or extreme temperatures. Both occur when the energy absorbed by the photosynthetic reaction centers exceeds the ability to use that energy in metabolic activity.

Market Analysis and Manufacturing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market Analysis and Manufacturing Plan - Essay Example 50% of the respondents were of the view that they consider it most important if they have the ability to track their cargos around the world. Similarly, 50% of the respondents also believe that they must also have the ability to know if their cargo has been taken off course during transit. Further, 15 respondents also showed their willingness to pay as much as $600 if a hardware unit is provided to them which can interface with their cargos to provide them real time location and other information (which has been sought in questionnaire). Further questions were asked as to what other services are required if hardware is provided and what cost. Most of the respondents agreed to avail a bundled package which offers hardware as well as other allied services to avail such facilities. Our analysis, based on the survey responses, suggest that at least 50% of the market is willing to have such a technological backing to help them to track their cargos during the different phases of its transit. Thus there is a great market need for at least the basic facility of providing hardware support to different potential buyers in the market who are willing to use better control over their cargo during its transit in order to minimize the losses. It has also been observed that a base price of $600 will be an acceptable proposition for our product for sale in the market. The price figure has been decided after respondents our survey showed their willingness to pay that much amount for basic services. The base price of $600 is also fair in nature because of the fact that it is just below the average price which industry buyers are willing to pay. Since our firm will be potentially engaged into B2B marketing therefore considering the higher bargaining power of customers, our market analysis suggest that a base price of $50 per month would be a fair quote for monthly subscription. This price is also below the mean therefore we consider it a fair price to charge. It is also important to note that we have accounted for the inherent risk in the survey method of conducting primary research therefore a +/- 5% or 95% confidence level is assumed while analyzing the data from questionnaire. Overall, we believe that there is enough demand for this type of product and considering the various uses of ATM, this market can offer better diversification opportunities also in order to control and minimize the overall external risk. Manufacturing Plan Our market need analysis suggest that there is an strong demand for ATM systems and market is willing to bet $ 600 for each unit to be sold to them therefore based on this healthy and positive assessment, following section will present the manufacturing plan for the product. It is however important to note

What do you understand to be the current problems and concerns of the Essay

What do you understand to be the current problems and concerns of the world fisheries industry How can these be addressed - Essay Example There exists many challenges in the fishing industry in carrying out its function, and in order to improve, it needs to improve its management to ensure efficient fish stocks (FAO, 1997). Aquaculturists occasionally face controversial issues and operational difficulties that interrupt stability of food and income in the industry. If they are to meet the demands of their customers in any increasing stream of aquatic products. The main controversy subjects are; the use and access of natural resources. The first concern is which natural resources people may use and hence, alter them. Most groups of civil society argue that more natural resources should be undisturbed and be for non-consumptive uses that are, as an amenity. In contrast, the developing world, adding to its improving mobility, it’s diminishing the natural resources of the earth progressively. In time, a massive portion of non-consumptive use will leave little resources accessible for consumptive objectives. The second concern is the consumptive use sustainability of natural resources that were renewable. In this case, the participants of civil society and others from the fisheries sector maintain that specific aquaculture and fishery practices that modify the ecosystem. The system modification makes it not able to sustain the natural resources regeneration. The adopted production technologies for such practices are, thus, considered unsustainable. For example, the popular disputes on overfishing lead to permanent damage to the marine aquatic life (Sorensen, 1997). Ninety percent of fish globally is taken within the national jurisdiction zones, primarily owing higher proximity and production of the shelf and coastal areas. Therefore, these regions with bulk fisheries experience managerial issues. At least 50 years, such issues often occur. The governments have been cautioned to be aware of their fisheries state and

Being A Good Second Language Teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Being A Good Second Language Teacher - Essay Example As for academic studying a foreign language can improve cognitive and critical thinking abilities. Knowledge of a foreign language gives an advantage in every career. Foreign language study provides the ability to gain an understanding of the country's trading partners. Many multinational corporations and nongovernmental organizations need people with foreign language abilities. Learning a language is not just learning about its pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary, it is learning to see the world as the other culture sees it. To study a language well, the teacher must have professional skills and have perfect knowledge in language. Also it is important to involve students in studying and to make the subject interesting. For language teacher is obligatory to be a good trainer in speaking and writing and know how to make his lessons easy for understanding and for learning. In order to have good knowledge in language it is necessary to understand all sciences that are connected with language studying. These are all sciences that are called Linguistics sciences and of course Country study. Language learners must acquire a language's components such as its sound system, basic lexicon, and grammatical structure, all of which takes time and practice. Students that study modern languages need great opportunities to speak, listen, read, and write in order to develop communicative fluency, understanding of how the language is constructed, and understanding of culturally-appropriate interactions. The most important and the most interesting branch of Linguistics is Communicative Linguistics. This branch works not only with text but also with its elements and their roles and with their functions. While studying language main practical aims are to speak fluently and to write correctly. It is impossible without learning of sound system (Phonetics). Different groups of languages have different sound systems and very often they differs a much. For example, we can take English language. There are three types of Phonetics: Acoustic Phonetics is the study of the physical properties of sounds, Auditory Phonetics is the study of the way listeners perceive sounds and Articulatory Phonetics. Several different combinations of letters can represent one sound. For example, he, believe, Lee, Caesar, key, amoeba, loudly, machine, people, and sea. Also a great role has different factors that have influence on sounds. For example, duration is very important. Let's take duration of the sound [i] in words sea [si:] and see [si] where it gives the meaning to the word. The ways in which sounds and meanings are related is called Semantics. Lexical semantics is concerned with the meanings of words and the meaning of relationships among words, while phrasal semantics is concerned with the meaning of syntactic units larger than the word. Semantic properties are the components of meanings of words. For example, the semantic property "human" can be found in many words such as parent, doctor, baby, professor, widow, and aunt. Other semantic properties include animate objects, male, female, countable items and non-countable items. Also Semantics contains such parts as homonyms (different words that are pronounced the same, but may or may not be spelled the same (to, two, and too), polysemous

Growing Paderno Business in the U.S Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Growing Paderno Business in the U.S - Case Study Example It can help them to reduce issues to do with personnel movement into and out of the US and legal and tax issues in the US. In addition, the combination of financial and technical attributes of the two firms will improve their competitive edge, which is a fundamental advantage in a market, which is as aggressive as the US. With several types of partnerships available to Paderno, entering into a joint venture with a US company will be a good choice. They can structure the JV in two ways; either contribute resources to the creation of a new entity that will be operated in collaboration, or enter a partnership agreement allowing the entity to be run as a partnership (Yan & Luo 45). The latter will be the best choice since it will allow them to leverage their Paderno brand, as they will one of the partners. Entering such an agreement will enable Paderno to decrease their dependency on the Canadian market. This will help them in reducing risks so that if their Canadian market share suffers , they have the US market to compensate (Glover & Wasserman 28). It will also help them to extend their target market by engaging a partner to market their products in the US market under the other company’s name, while also advertising the product as being a joint venture with Paderno Canada. ... In addition, selling their cookware solutions to a US company will enable them to introduce their high quality cookware and increase profit margins. The joint venture will not have any effect on Paderno’s strategy; instead, it will affect their operational performance. This sort of partnership will be one of convenience where they will cut costs by using the facilities of their partner, while also allowing their partner to use their expertise and licenses (Wolf 61). These arrangements are also for a fixed duration, which will allow Paderno to become established in the US before maybe buying out the name of their joint venture and going into business alone. This would improve Paderno’s competitive advantage in a manner that would not have been possible if they had gone into business alone in the US. If this arrangement becomes a major contributor to the future direction of Paderno, then they could even make it a long-term initiative. By creating a new entity with the US Company and maintaining their autonomy, they will be able to use the other company’s facilities and distribution, while also maintaining their brand name, although not on the product (Wolf 62). The joint venture will also allow Paderno to achieve the minimum size they need for them to operate in the US market. The company will minimize the inherent risks of entering into a foreign market in which they have little experience (Harrigan 32). In this case, they will meet the costs of entering the US market on a joint basis, particularly in the competitive US market. Paderno must, however, ensure that they company they chose for a joint venture has complementary objectives and interests, such as improving the quality of their products. Joint ventures are cost effective ways to further development

Journal Article Review Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal Article Review Assignment - Essay Example Alcohol abuse or dependence emerged in the investigation, which in particular has significant relation to the occurrence of crime such as actual suicide and suicide attempts. Suicide attempts, as crime-related scenarios were remarkable in various geographical contexts, but there is no significant amount of studies trying to investigate the actual contribution of alcohol use disorder on the prevalence of suicide attempt. In the chosen study, the proponents have remarkably investigated this concern by employing older adults who were hospitalized in connection with a suicide attempt. In order to further understand this claim, the proponents investigated further the suicidal behaviors of respondents with suicidal attempting experience even if they have AUD or not. This is to remarkably create a link to a significant gap in the literature concerning this issue. The specific individuals included in the study were 70 years or older, who were having hospital treatment due to suicide attempt during 2003-2006. Out of the 133 eligible participants, 103 of them were enrolled in the study, which comprised the 47 men, 56 women, and both groups with average age of 80 years and a response rate of 77%. Random sampling technique was employed. Statistical analysis involved was correlation, because the proponents were after of finding the actual level association between the variables. In order to implement this, the case comparison was initiated. â€Å"AUD was observed in 26% of the cases and in 4% of the comparison group (odds ratio [OR]: 10.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.9–22.5). Associations were noted in men (OR: 9.5; 95% CI: 4.0–22.8) and women (OR: 12.0; 95% CI: 2.4–59.5). More than half of the cases with AUD and  a third of those without AUD had made at least one prior suicide attempt. In these, AUD was associated with a longer interval